oral melanotic macule buccal mucosa melanoacanthoma: a case report and review of the literature | Journal of Medical Case Reports Figure 2 from Oral melanotic

ISBN 978-1-118-29370-6

100-103 Laboratory research has shown licorice phytoestrogens bind estrogen receptor sites with no more than 1/1,000 th the affinity of E2 and with a preference for ER-beta, while other licorice compounds have anti-estrogenic effects

Drug interactions When nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen, are taken in very large therapeutic dosages (i.e., to treat severe arthritis), they may interfere with folate metabolism

Large population studies have shown that unexplained B12 levels above 813 pg/mL are associated with an increased risk of cancer diagnosis within one year, though the absolute risk for any individual is still relatively low

Overall, purple maca has not been well studied for its efficacy

However, it inhibits melanin synthesis in HMV-II human melanoma cells and human epidermal melanocytes [285]